My car was warming up in the driveway (for too long, apparently) and blew one of the rad hoses right off at the upper end. It was probably running for about a minute while spewing coolant all over the engine bay. My question is, how long would the overheated engine have to run (ballpark) to cause damage to engine components? I just hope I didn't blow the head gasket or cause any other serious damage.
UPDATE: Needs new thermostat housing, rad hose, coolant flush. $800.00

 

That time was too short to have caused a problem attributable to overheating. It blew, you turned it off.

The overpressurisation had more to do with the demise of your radiator+cooler combo in the sidetank. Both the tranny and ps pump run at much higher pressures than the cooling system.

The weasel would be that it could be this sequence instead: overheat, rupture cooler, fluid eruption. But, highly unlikely.