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That's the flex plate for an automatic transmission. Usually those two dowels should have threaded centers. Put a large socket over the dowel, pass a bolt with a washer under the head through the socket and tighten. That will act to pull the dowel out of the end of the crank, pushing against the socket.
However the holes look like they have been filled in and the one on the left looks hammered in. I suppose you could always try drilling and tapping a thread through the centre